How will these resources help you?

When it comes to studying Tudor history, the main focus has been on monarchs and on the men who gained power through advising and counselling these rulers. The truth is, political agency is more complex than the study of rulership itself. Women – especially royal and noblewomen – influenced their kinsmen to the point that they wielded significant political, cultural and diplomatic power. 
Most of these influential women remained overshadowed by their better-known contemporaries, such as Henry VIII or Elizabeth I. To fix this imbalance, we need to look at a more nuanced definition of power. Not all forms of power are strong or determined by life and death – they can also be as soft as a murmur in someone’s ear, which could have far-reaching repercussions. This is also known as 'the butterfly effect'. 

The women in Elizabeth I's inner circle

Elizabeth’s women: the hidden story of the Virgin Queen

by Tracy Borman, published by Vintage, (2010), 9780099548621

This book shows how women – rather than men, councillors, and members of parliament – influenced Elizabeth I’s reign. Through considering governesses to stepmothers, ladies-in-waiting to cousins and even rivals, Borman reveals new insights into Elizabeth’s personality. Undeniably, it shows that women who were in the inner circles of monarchs had significant influence over their contemporaries, which can be defined as a sort of ‘soft power’. Teachers could use this book to lead interesting discussions in class on how women can bypass patriarchal preconceptions by exploiting their own relations to a powerful person.

The Howard women

Gender, family, and politics: the Howard women, 1485–1558

by Nicola Clark, published by Oxford University Press, (2018), 9780198784814

In this very thorough study, Clark offers the first full-length gender-inclusive analysis of the importance of the Howard family in Tudor politics. The focus is on the Howard women, revealing their importance at court and beyond through their network of power. 
Tudor noblewomen had to play a traditional role in order to help establish and maintain the prestige of their aristocratic and dynastic family. For teachers, this book is a great starting point to discuss how women’s roles can easily be overlooked, and what can be done to reassess their positions and importance in the world we live in. 

A case study

Uncrowned Queen: the fateful life of Margaret Beaufort, Tudor matriarch

by Nicola Tallis, published by Michael O’Mara Books, (2020), 9781789292589

This book is a great case study for teachers who would like a concrete example of a woman who shaped politics without having the title of ‘queen’. In this biography, not only is Margaret Beaufort brought back to life, but her role as a shrewd politician and matriarch is also carefully revealed. 
This book can generate interesting discussions in the classroom regarding the definition of power. Is ‘soft power’ about counsel or is it also about patronage and decision-making? 

Audiovisual clip

Henry VIII: Patron or Plunderer - Henry and Cambridge

published by BBC, (2009)

This video highlights Margaret Beaufort's influence on education and Prince Henry.

Podcast episode

RETEACH HISTORY - Katie Amery and Simon Beale on Making the Curriculum Inclusive

(2023)

Katie Amery, Head of History in Liverpool, and Simon Beale, Head of History and Politics in London, join host Carmel Bones to discuss how they've used Reteach to redesign their curriculum offer to be more inclusive and representative. They share practical tips and real-life case studies on approaching 'hard history' topics that are often tricky to tackle. looting, Nazi Germany, the legacy of the British Empire and finding new perspectives to engage KS3 and KS4 students.

Further materials

'We are Bess' exhibition video, published by the National Trust Access this resource
Dr Estelle Paranque is Assistant Professor in Early Modern History at the New College of the Humanities, part of the Northeastern University Global Network. She has published extensively on Elizabeth I of England, Catherine de Medici, the French kings and queen consorts and Anglo-French diplomatic relations. She is the author of Elizabeth I of England Through Valois Eyes: Power, Diplomacy and Representations in the reign of the queen, 1558–1588 (2019) and Blood, Fire, and Gold: Elizabeth I of England and her French rival Catherine de Medici (2022).

Text © Estelle Paranque, 2021-2023